Our word “purple” is derived from the Latin word purpura, which was often applied to the dye used to turn clothing to a rich blueish-red shade. The noun πορφύρα ( porphyra) was frequently used to refer to purple cloth, and is still the root of the name for the purple-hued porphyry stone that Greeks and Romans prized for sculpture, sarcophagi, and even the bath tubs of the ancient world. In ancient Greek, purple had a number of names. From diamonds to coal to Tyrian purple, the workers who create luxury goods often do not enjoy the same status as their products. During the later Roman empire, these workers were even subject to state control. Although it has come to be known as the shade of royalty, the workers who labored to make the dye in the Roman Mediterranean were often viewed as lowly. Perhaps no other color in history has been so celebrated and so reviled as the color purple. Late second or early first century mosaic likely depicting a murex shell from Rome, and now in Centrale Montemartini (photo by the author for Hyperallergic)
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